托福機經(jīng)經(jīng)典連載—歐洲火字印刷術(shù)
歐洲的活字印刷術(shù)出現在2007年6月2日(北美)2007年12月7日(北美) 閱讀有機玻璃字印刷。本文講述了歐洲人發(fā)明活字印刷術(shù)的歷史。歐洲人認為活字印刷術(shù)并非中國人發(fā)明的，而是一位叫做約翰內斯·古騰堡( Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg)的德國人發(fā)明的。所以說(shuō)，約翰內斯·古騰堡是西方活字印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明人，他的發(fā)明導致了一次媒介革命，迅速地推動(dòng)了西方科學(xué)和社會(huì )的發(fā)展。
古騰堡使用的字母由鉛、鋅和其他金屬的合金組成有機玻璃字印刷。它們冷卻得非?？?，而且能夠承受印刷時(shí)的壓力。印刷本身是使用轉軸印刷法，印的是紙和羊皮紙。而且當這些印刷用的鉛字使用過(guò)以后，依然可以反復利用( renewable)。同時(shí)，制作的一個(gè)活字版可以進(jìn)行多次印刷，也可以進(jìn)行一次印刷。
古騰堡使用金屬的字母將它們排列成印刷的書(shū)頁(yè)，這個(gè)方式嶄新的地方是這些字母可以被重新使用，過(guò)去的木刻的底板無(wú)法重新使用，它們只能印刻在上面的那一頁(yè)，而無(wú)法用來(lái)印其他的頁(yè)了有機玻璃字印刷。直到今天為止古騰堡的圣經(jīng)算做是印刷藝術(shù)中的一份珍寶。
古騰堡的發(fā)明在歐洲非?？斓仄占坝袡C玻璃字印刷。在五十年中用這種新方法就已經(jīng)印刷了三萬(wàn)種印刷物，共1200多萬(wàn)份印刷品。人類(lèi)利用活字印刷術(shù)制作了大批量的廉價(jià)印刷品。
機經(jīng)要點(diǎn)：
(1)歐洲人認為翰內斯·古騰堡發(fā)明了活字印刷術(shù)有機玻璃字印刷。
(2)翰內斯·古騰堡的活字印刷術(shù)采用了先進(jìn)的技術(shù)有機玻璃字印刷。
(3)古騰堡的圣經(jīng)算做是印刷藝術(shù)中的一份珍寶有機玻璃字印刷。
真題重現：
問(wèn)：活字印刷術(shù)的應用范圍是什么?
答：大批量生產(chǎn)的廉價(jià)印刷品有機玻璃字印刷。
Around 1450, Johannes Gutenberg introduced what is regarded as an independent invention of movable type in Europe, along with innovations in casting the type based on a matrix and hand mould. Gutenberg was the first to create his type pieces from an alloy of lead, tin and antimony-the same components still used today.
Johannes Gutenberg's work on the printing press began in approximately 1436 when he partnered with Andreas Dritzehen - a man he had previously instructed in gem-cutting-and Andreas Heilmann, owner of a paper mill. It was not until a 1439 lawsuit against Gutenberg that official record exists; witnesses testimony discussed type, an inventory of metals (including lead) and his type mold.
Compared to woodblock printing, movable type page setting was quicker and more durable. The metal type pieces were more durable and the lettering was more uniform, leading to typography and fonts. The high quality and relatively low price of the Gutenberg Bible (1455) established the superiority of movable type, and printing presses rapidly spread across Europe, leading up to the Renaissance, and later all around the world. Today, practically all movable type printing ultimately derives from Gutenberg's movable type printing, which is often regarded as the most important invention of the second millennium.
詞匯預測：
lnnovatlon n.創(chuàng )新有機玻璃字印刷，革新
matnx n.母體有機玻璃字印刷，子宮細胞脈石，字母n.矩陣
muvable n.家具有機玻璃字印刷，動(dòng)產(chǎn)ad可動(dòng)的，動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，不定的
ultimately millennium
adv.最后有機玻璃字印刷，最終
n.-千年有機玻璃字印刷，太平盛世
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